PGDMLT 201 MCQS 120-180

 121. The process of removal and replacement of damaged tissues or organs with healthy ones from a donor is called as

(a) transplantation

(b) replacement therapy

(c) repair and replacement

(d) none of these

Ans: (a) transplantation

122. The transfer of individuals own tissue to another part of the body is called

(a) autograft

(b) xenograft

(c) allograft

(d) syngeneic graft

Ans: (a) autograft

123. The transfer of tissue between genetically identical individuals (like twins) is called

(a) autograft

(b) xenograft

( c) allograft

(d) syngeneic graft

Ans: (d) syngeneic graft

124. The transfer of tissue between individuals of different species is called

(a) autograft

(b) xenograft

(c) allograft

(d) syngeneic graft

Ans: (b) xenograft 

125. The transfer of tissue between genetically different individuals of same species is called

(a) autograft

(b) xenograft

(c) allograft

(d) syngeneic graft

Ans: (c) allograft

126. Which of the following has the maximum transplantation success rate

(a) autograft

(b) xenograft

(c) allograft

(d) syngene

Ans: (a) autograft

127. The major molecules responsible for rejection of transplant is

(a)B cells

(b) T cells

(c) MHC molecule

(d) antibodies

Ans: (c) MHC molecule

128. Genes encoding cell surface glycoproteins that are required for antigen presentation to T cells and also responsible for rapid

graft rejection is called as

(a) MHC complex

(b) B cell complex

(c) T cell complex

(d)none of these

Ans: (a) MHC complex

129. Which of the following statements are true regarding transplantation

(a) The compatibility of MHC proteins of donor and recipient will determine the success of transplantation

(b) MHCs are just like fingerprints and all nucleated cells possess this fingerprint

(c) The compatibility of MHC/HLA proteins of donor and recipient will be high if they are genetically closely related and may lead to successful

transplantation.

(d) all of these

Ans: (d) all of these

130. In humans, MHC is called as

(a) human MHC

(b) Homo MHC

(c) Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)

(d) all of the above

Ans: (c) Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)

131. The test that is done prior to transplantation surgery to determine the compatibility of MHC proteins between donar and

recipient is called

(a) MHC matching

(b) MHC typing

(c) tissue typing

(d) blood HLA test

Ans: (c) tissue typing

132. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug given to avoid transplant rejection which acts by

(a) inhibition of T cells

(b) inhibition of B cells

(c) inhibition of immune system

(d) inhibition of complement system

Ans: (a) inhibition of T cells

133. MHC class II is a cell surface molecule present on

(a) B cells

(b) all nucleated cells

(c) APCs

(d) T cells

Ans: (c) APCs

134. The “father of experimental surgery” who performed pioneering research, including several transplantation procedures, was:

(a) Homer, the Greek who described the Chimaera in his Iliad.

(b) Gasparo Tagliacozzi, the Italian who described a method of reconstructing the nose.

(c) John Hunter, the Scot who performed autografts and xenografts.

(d) Emrick Ullmann, the Austrian who performed the first successful renal allograft.

Ans: (C) John Hunter, the Scot who performed autografts and xenografts

135. Transplantation terminology contains terms to describe the relationship of the graft donor to the graft recipient. Historical

terms such as “homograft” and “heterograft” have been replaced by less ambiguous terms. The correct modern terminology for a

graft between genetically nonidentical members of the same species is:

(a) Allogeneic graft.

(b) Autogeneic graft.

(c) Isogeneic graft.

(d) Syngeneic graft.

Ans: (a) Allogeneic graft

136. The modern era of clinical organ transplantation began with the advent of chemical immunosuppression. The important drug

discovery that produced the initial success of cadaveric transplantation was:

(a) Cyclophosphamide.

(b) Azathioprine.

(c) Cyclosporine.

(d) Antilymphocyte serum.

Ans: (b) Azathioprine.

137. Which of the following is true for hyperacute rejection?

(a) It is mediated by preformed cytotoxic antibody.

(b) It occurs late in the life of the graft.

(c) It is usually reversible with a bolus of steroids.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (a) It is mediated by preformed cytotoxic antibody.

138. 45. Which of the following are contraindications to lung transplantation?

(a) Age 65 years or older.

(b) Current corticosteroid therapy.

(c) History of thoracotomy.

(d) Ventilator-dependent respiratory failure.

Ans: (d) Ventilator-dependent respiratory failure.

139. Which of the following is the single most useful approach for diagnosing acute lung allograft rejection?

(a) Clinical diagnosis.

(b) Decline in spirometry and oxygenation.

(c) Chest radiographic abnormalities.

(d) Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy.

Ans: (d) Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy.

140. Which of the following characteristics or conditions will exclude a patient as a suitable cadaveric organ donor?

(a) Active systemic bacterial infection

(b) Primary CNS malignancy

(c) Age over 65

(d) History of prior cholecystectomy for a possible hepatic donor

Ans: (a) Active systemic bacterial infection

141 - which is the most commonly used fixative in clinical practice?

(a)10% natural buffered Formalin

B-

(b) Zenkres fluid

C-

(c)Bouins fluid

D-

(d)Cornoy’s fluid

Ans :(a)10% natural buffered Formalin

142. what should be the ratio between the volume of the tissue and the fixative

(a) ratio 5

B-

(b) 1 : 10

C-

(c) 1 ratio 20

D-

(d) 1 ratio 100

Ans : (c) 1 ratio 20

143. What vein/veins is not used to obtain avenous blood sample:

(a) basilica vein

(b) cephalic vein

(c) medial cubital vein

(d) femoral vein

Ans : (d) femoral vein

144. The yellow coloration sometimes associated with adult fat is due to the presence of numerous lipid droplets.

(a) true

(b) false

Ans : (b) false

145 . Synthesis of antibodies takes place by which of the following cells?

(a) Bone marrow cells

(b) T-cells

(c) B-cells

(d) Lymph

Ans: (c) B-cells

146 .The basic structure of antibodies are______

(a) Y-shaped

(b) X-shaped

(c) Linear

(d) Hyperbolic

Ans: (a) Y-shaped

147 . Name the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G.

(a) μ

(b) ε

(c) α

(d) γ

Ans: (d) γ

148. What is the name of the hyper variable region of immunoglobin, which is responsible for its diversity?

(a) CDR

(b) Hinge region

(c) Epitope

(d) Agretope

Ans: (a) CDR

149 .Who discovered the structure of immunoglobulin by treating it with beta-mercaptoethanol?

(a) Nisonoff

(b) Edelman

(c) Porter

(d) Whittekar

Ans: (b) Edelman

150. Which of the following amino acid is found in the hinge region?

( a) Alanine

( b) Aspargine

(c) Proline and cysteine

(d) Phenylalanine

Ans: (c) Proline and cysteine

151. Which immunoglobulin can pass through placenta?

(a) IgD

(b) IgE

(c) IgM

(d) IgG

Ans: (d) IgG

152 Name the class of immunoglobulin which has a pentameric structure?

(a) IgE

(b) IgG

(c) IgA

(d) IgM

Ans: (d) IgM

153. Which of these immunoglobulins is present in external secretion ?

(a) IgG

(b) IgM

(c) IgA

(d) IgE

Ans: (c) IgA

154. Name the class of immunoglobulin which takes part in hypersensitivity reaction ?

(a) IgG

(b) IgE

(c) IgA

(d) IgM

Ans: (b) IgE

155. Which of the tracing is NOT the role of T-cell receptor complex?

( a) α and β chain

(b) CD3

(c) CD19

(d) CD40L

Ans: (c) CD19

156. Name the syndrome occurs in children due to deficiency of the thymus.

(a) Acromegaly

( b) Gigantism

(c) Cushing syndrome

(d) DiGeorge syndrome

Ans: (d) DiGeorge syndrome

157. Which of the following steps is NOT involved in the activation of T-cell?

(a) Double positive cell converts to single positive T-cell

(b) Foreign peptide bound to MHC provide signals

(c) CD28 of TCR interacts with B7 of APC

(d) CD23 has ITAM, which transducer signals

Ans: (a) Double positive cell converts to single positive T-cell

158 . Name the cytokines which act as a T-cell growth factor?

(a) IL-3

(b) IL-2

(c) IL-4

(d) IL-5

Ans: (b) IL-2

159 . Cytokines which acts as a growth factor of B-cell is________

(a) IFNγ

(b) IL-10

(c) IL-13

(d) TNFβ

Ans: (c) IL-13

160 . Mark the correct role of cytosolic T-cells.

(a) Help in B-cell activation

(b) Produce cytotoxic

(c) Proliferate T-cell

(d) Kill the target cell

Ans: (d) Kill the target cell

161. Pollen would most likely evoke which type of hypersensitivity response:

(a) Cytotoxic (Type II)

(b) Immune complex (Type III)

(c) Cell Mediated (Type IV)

(d) Immediate type (Type I)

Ans: (d) Immediate type (Type I)

162. Which hypersensitivity reactions are T cell mediated?

(a) Type I

(b) Type II

(c) Type III

(d) Type IV

Ans: (d) Type IV

163. Which of the following bind to mast cells and cross-link, resulting in de-granulation and release of histamine?

(a) IgM

(b) IgA

(c) IgG

(d) IgE

Ans: (d) IgE

164. Theoretically, type………… blood can be donated to all persons because it lacks…………

(a) O/antigens

(b) AB/ antibodies

(c) A/ antibodies

(d) O/antibodies

Ans: (a) O/antigens

165. Type II hypersensitivity is due to:

(a) IgE

(b) Activation of cytotoxic T cells

(c) Pollen

(d) Mismatched blood types in transfusion

Ans: (d) Mismatched blood types in transfusion

166. Production of auto-antibodies may be due to:

(a) Emergence of mutant clones of B cells

(b) Production of antibodies against sequestered (hidden) tissues

(c) genetic factors

(d) all are possible

Ans: (d) all are possible

167. A positive tuberculin test is an example of

(a) Type I hypersensitivity

(b) Delayed type hypersensitivity

(c) acute contact dermatitis

(d) Eczema

Ans: (b) Delayed type hypersensitivity

168. Rheumatoid arthritis is an ……….disease that affects the……….

(a) Allergic/ cartilage

(b) Autoimmune/nerves

(c) Autoimmune/ joints

(d) Immunodeficiency/ muscles

Ans: (c) Autoimmune/ joints

169. Contact with poison ivy would elicit which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

(a) type III

(b) type I

(c) type II

(d) type IV

Ans: (d) type IV

170. A tissue graft between two people who are not genetically identical is termed a:

(a) Isograft

(b) Heterograft

(c) Xenograft

(d) Allograft

Ans: (d) Allograft

171. An example of a type III immune complex disease is:

(a) Contact dermatitis

(b) Graft rejection

(c) Serum sickness

(d) Atopy

Ans: (c) Serum sickness

172. Graft versus host disease results when the recipient lacks or has a poor immune system, and the donor organ and recipient

express different:

(a) HLA

(b) T cells

(c) Antibodies

(d) Autoantibodies

Ans: (a) HLA

173. Agammaglobulinemia is an immunodeficiency disease due to a deficiency in:

(a) T cells

(b) MHC

(c) IgE

(d) B cells

Ans: (d) B cells

174. Which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its pathology?

(a) SCID

(b) DiGeorge Syndrome

(c) Agammaglobulinemia

(d) ADA deficiency

Ans: (a) SCID

175. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) binds specifically to which immune cell marker?

(a) CD8

(b) MHC

(c) CDC

(d) CD4

Ans: (d) CD4

176. HIV has a high mutation rate due to the imprecise operation of its:

(a) Viral membrane

(b) CD4 receptor

(c) Reverse transcriptase

(d) protease e. dismutase

Ans: (c) Reverse transcriptase

177. Pregnancy test detects the presence of which of the following?

(a) Rh

(b) Human Chorionic Gonadotropoin (HCG)

(c) Fetal proteins

(d) Agglutination

Ans: (b) Human Chorionic Gonadotropoin (HCG)

178. Which of the following is considered an autoimmune disease?

(a) rheumatoid arthritis

(b) AIDS

(c) SCID

(d) agammaglobulinemia

Ans: (a) rheumatoid arthritis

179. A transplant between individuals of different animal species is termed as: 

(a) allograft

(b) isograft

(c) enterograft

(d) xenograft

Ans: (d) xenograft

180. Name the major constituents of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte?

(a) Lysozyme

(b) Lymph

(c) Protein

(d) Perforin and granzyme

Ans: (d) Perforin and granzyme