PGDMLT 201 MCQS ONLINE EXAM 1-60

SUBJECT : SEROLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY

1. The branch of biology, which involves the study of immune systems in all organisms is called_________.

(a) Zoology

(b) Microbiology

(c) Immunology

(d) Biotechnology

Ans: (c) Immunology.

2. Which of the following immunity is obtained during a lifetime?

(a) Acquired immunity

(b) Active immunity

(c) Passive immunity

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (a) Acquired immunity

3. How many types of antibodies are there?

(a) Five.

(b) Three.

(c) Two.

(d) Four.

Ans: (a) Five.

4. Which of the following cells is involved in cell-mediated immunity?

(a) Leukaemia

(b) T cells

(c) Mast cells

(d) Thrombocytes

Ans: (b) T cells.

5. Which of the following protects our body against disease-causing pathogens?

(a) Respiratory system

(b) Immune system

(c) Digestive system

(d) Respiratory system

Ans: (b) Immune system.

6. Hepatitis is an example of _______.

(a) Subunit Vaccine

(b) Killer Vaccine

(c) Toxoids Vaccine

(d) Recombinant Vaccine

Ans: (d) Recombinant Vaccine.

7. Which of the following statements is true about the IgM of humans?

(a) IgM can cross the placenta

(b) IgM can protect the mucosal surface

(c) IgM is produced by high-affinity plasma cells

(d) IgM is primarily restricted in the circulation

Ans: (d) IgM is primarily restricted in the circulation.

8. Interferons are

(a) Cytokine barriers

(b) Physical barriers

(c) Cellular barriers

(d) Physiological barriers

Ans: (a) Cytokine barriers.

9. Which of the following cells of the immune system do not perform phagocytosis?

(a) Macrophage

(b) Neutrophil

(c) Eosinophil

(d) Basophil

Ans: (d) Basophil

10. Monocytes differentiate into which kind of phagocytic cells?

(a) Neutrophil

(b) B cell

(c) Macrophage

(d) T cell

Ans: (c) Macrophage.

11. Which of the following systems protects our body against disease-causing microbes?

(a) Immune system

(b) Digestive system

(c) Excretory system

(d) Respiratory system

Ans: (a) Immune system.

12. Which of the following immunity is present from our birth?

(a) Innate Immunity

(b) Active immunity

(c) Passive immunity

(d) Acquired immunity

Ans: (a) Innate Immunity

13. Neutrophils, basophil, lymphocytes, eosinophil and monocytes are examples of ________.

(a) Physical barrier

(b) Cellular barriers

(c) Cytokine barriers

(d) Physiological barriers

Ans: (b) Cellular barriers.

14. B-cells and T-cells are two types of cells involved in _______________.

(a) Innate Immunity

(b) Active immunity

(c) Passive immunity

(d) Acquired immunity

Ans: (d) Acquired immunity.

15. The common disorders caused by a poor immune system include ________

(a) Epidemic Diseases

(b) Deficiency diseases

(c) Autoimmune diseases

(d) None of the above

Ans: (a) Epidemic diseases.

16. Which of the following statements is true about Passive Immunity?

(a) This immunity causes reactions

(b) This immunity develops immediately

(c) This immunity lasts only for a few weeks or months

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

17. which of the the following acid may be used for decalcification ?

(a) 25% sulfuric acid

(b) 5% nitric acid

(c) 20% hydrochloric acid

(d) 30% orthophosphoric Acid

Ans : (d) 30% orthophosphoric Acid

18 -which of the following acid is used in the electrolytic method for decalcification?

(a) formic acid

(b)nitric acid

(c)HCL

(d)Acetic

Ans :(a) formic acid

19. Which of the following conveys the longest-lasting immunity to an infectious agent?

(a) Active immunity

(b) Passive immunity

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above

Ans: (a) Active immunity.

20. Which of the following does not act as a protecting barrier for the body surface?

(a) Skin

(b) Mucus

(c) Gastric acid

(d) Salivary amylase

Ans: (d) Salivary amylase.

21. Which of the following cells is involved in humoral immunity?

(a) T-cells

(b) B-cells

(c) Mast cells

(d) Both T and B cells

Ans: (b) B-cells.

22. Which of the following immunity is obtained during a lifetime?

(a) Innate immunity

(b) Active immunity

(c) Passive immunity

(d) Both (b) and (c)

Ans: (d) Both (b) and (c).

23. Skin, body hair, cilia, eyelashes, the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract are examples of ________.

(a) Physical barrier

(b) Cellular barriers

(c) Cytokine barriers

(d) Physiological barriers

Ans: (a) Physical barrier.

24. Cells Involved In Innate Immunity are_________.

(a) Phagocytes

(b) Macrophages

(c) Natural Killer Cells

(d) All of the above

Ans: (d) All of the above.

25. Which of the following immunity is called the first line of defence?

(a) Innate Immunity

(b) Active immunity

(c) Passive immunity

(d) Acquired immunity

Ans: (a) Innate Immunity.

26. This causes delay in senescence

(a) ascorbic acid

(b) gibberellins

(c) auxins

(d) cytokinins

Ans: (d) Cytokinins

27. ___________ is a coconut milk factor

(a) cytokinin

(b) morphactin

(c) auxin

(d) none of these

Ans: (a) Cytokinin

28. The first one to synthesize cytokinin was

(a) Thimman and Went

(b) Calvin and Bensan

(c) Letham

(d) Skoog and Miller

Ans: (d) Skoog and Miller

29. This hormone prevents the crop from falling

(a) ethylene

(b) auxin

(c) gibberellin

(d) cytokinin

Ans: (b) auxin

30. In a culture medium, the use of an old sample of DNA is associated with the discovery of which of these?

(a) ABA

(b) Cytokinins

(c) Pantothanic acid

(d) Vitamin k

Ans: (b) Cytokinins

31. The hormone Cytokinin has the main function of

(a) causing dormancy

(b) cell movement

(c) participating in cell division

(d) induction of cell division and delay in senescence

Ans: (d) induction of cell division and in senescence

32. This plant hormone is responsible for the ripening of fruits

(a) Cytokinins

(b) Auxin

(c) Ethylene

(d) None of the above

Ans: (c) Ethylene

33. Which of the following immunoglobulins makes the largest percentage in breast milk?

(a) IgM

(b) IgD

(c) IgG

(d) IgA

Ans: (d) IgA

34. Transplanted graft may be rejected due to

(a) cell-mediated immune response

(b) humoral immune response

(c) innate immune response

(d) passive response

Ans: (a) cell-mediated immune response

35. Oral polio drops contain

(a) harvested antibodies

(b) activated pathogens

(c) attenuated pathogens

(d) gamma globulins

Ans: (c) attenuated pathogens

36. Antibodies are

(a) prostaglandins

(b) steroids

(c) lipoproteins

(d) glycoproteins

Ans: (d) glycoproteins

37. Interferons are

(a) antibiotic proteins

(b) antiviral proteins

(c) antigen proteins

(d) all of the above

Ans: (b) antiviral proteins

38. Globulins of the blood plasma are responsible for

(a) defence mechanisms

(b) blood clotting

(c) oxygen transport

(d) osmotic balance

Ans: (a) defence mechanisms

39. Which of the following antibodies is predominantly present in tears, saliva and mucous

(a) IgM

(b) IgG

(c) IgE

(d) IgA

Ans: (d) IgA

40. The class of antibodies, which can cross placenta is

(a) IgD

(b) IgA

(c) IgG

(d) IGM

Ans: (c) IgG

41. Antigen binding sites are present in

(a) Fab regions of an antibody

(b) Fc region of an antibody

(c) only in the light chain

(d) only in the heavy chain

Ans: (a) Fab regions of an antibody

42. Type I hypersensitivity involves

(a) IgD

(b) IgM

(c) IgE

(d) IgG

Ans: (c) IgE

43. The five classes of immunoglobulin include the following except

(a) IgA

(b) IgD

(c) IgE

(d) IgH

Ans: (d) IgH

44. Which of the following class of immunoglobulin is pentameric structure?

(a) IgA

(b) IgD

(c) IgH

(d) IgM

Ans: (d) IgM

45. Which of the following class of immunoglobulin is dimeric structure?

(a) IgA

(b) IgD

(c) IgH

(d) IgM

Ans: (a) IgA

46. The IgA and IgMs consist of the following chain that allows its polymerization.

(a) H chain

(b) L chain

(c) J chain

(d) V chain

Ans: (c) J chain

47. The monomeric immunoglobulin consists of heterodimers of heavy (H) and light (L) chain bound together by non-covalent

interaction and disulfide bonds. Which of the following is the antigen binding site?

(a) Fab

(b) Fc

(c) Hinge region

(d) None of the above

Ans: (a) Fab

48. The hinge region of the immunoglobulin consists of the disulfide bond that held the heterotetramer together. Also, it contributes

to the flexibility of the antibody chain. Which of the following antibody class do not have a hinge region?

(a) IgA

(b) IgD

(c) IgE

(d) IgG

Ans: (c) IgE

49. The hypervariable complementarity determining region is responsible for which of the following function

(a) binding to antigen

(b) binding to FcR

(c) binding to complement

(d) None of the above

Ans: (a) binding to antigen

50. The variable heavy and light chain make up the antigen recognition region which consists of six complementarity determining

regions (CDRs) (three from each heavy and light chain). In addition, a stretch of amino acid sequence also known as framework

region

(a) assist in the recognition of antigen

(b) act as a scaffold to support CDR

(c) are highly variable

(d) None of the above

Ans: (b) act as a scaffold to support CDR

51. The variable heavy and light chain make up the antigen recognition region. Which of the following is mostly involved in antigen

binding?

(a) Variable light chain

(b) Variable heavy chain

(c) Both of the above

(d) None of the above

Ans: (b) Variable heavy chain

52. The contact area of the antigen binding area may consist of the protrusion or depression that complementarity matches the

antigen. This contact area span approximately ................... based on well-studied Lysozyme/anti-Lysozyme interaction.

(a) 5-12 amino acids

(b) 15-22 amino acids

(c) 25-60 amino acids

(d) None of the above

Ans: (b) 15-22 amino acids

53. The antigen-antibody interactions are considered inducible which means

(a) The antigen binding site performed site that exactly fits the antigen.

(b) The antigen binding site is rigid

(c) The antigen binding site undergo confirmation changes after contact with the antigen

(d) None of the above

Ans: (c) The antigen binding site undergo confirmation changes after contact with the antigen

54. Which of the following antibody have four constant regions (CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4)?

(a) IgA

(b) IgD

(c) IgM

(d) IgG

Ans: (c) IgM

55. The effector function of the antibody requires its Fc region. The Fc region binds to cells or proteins to mediate its function.

Which of the following is the effector function of the antibody?

(a) Antigen binding to antibody promotes opsonization

(b) Antigen binding to antibody activates complement

(c) Antigen binding to antibody activates cell cytotoxicity

(d) All of the above

Ans: (d) All of the above

56. Which of the following immunoglobulins are secretory and present in the milk?

(a) IgG

(b) IgM

(c) IgE

(d) IgA

Ans: (d) IgA

57. The receptor that is responsible for transport of IgAs across the epithelial barriers:

(a) Poly Fc receptor

(b) Poly Ig receptor

(c) Poly Fab receptor

(d) All of the above

Ans: (b) Poly Ig receptor

58. Which of the following antibody is produced as a primary immune response and have higher valency to remove clear antigens?

(a) IgA

(b) IgG

(c) IgM

(d) IgE

Ans: (c) IgM

59. Which of the following is the passive immunity transferred from mother to its offspring?

(a) Transplacental transfer of IgGs

(b) Transfer of IgAs in the milk

(c) Both a & b

(d) None of the above

Ans: (b) Transfer of IgAs in the milk

60. Which of the following antigen-bound antibodies bind to the Fc receptor present on the basophils and tissue mast cells, and

releases various pharmacoactive mediators involved in anaphylaxis?

(a) IgA

(b) IgD

(c) IgE

(d) IgM

Ans: (c) IgE